Department of Chemistry, sant hirdaram Girls College Bhopal India

*Department of Chemistry, sarojini Naidu Girls College Bhopal India

**Department of Chemistry, NRI Institute of Information Science and Technology, Bhopal India

This paper illustrates the study and analysis of the physico-chemical characteristics of the water of Kaliasote reservoir of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. Water Samples were collected and analysed for the physicochemical parameters such as temperature, turbidity, odour, pH, electrical conductivity, total alkalinity, chloride, nitrate, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, total dissolved solids (TDS), iron, sulphate, fluoride, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) to ascertain the drinking water quality of the Kaliasote water reservoir. The study reveals that the most of the physico chemical parameters of water tested are well within the permissible limits as prescribed by WHO standards and BIS standards except for the values of chemical oxygen demand which was found in the range of 28 ppm to 31 ppm which was much higher than the maximum permissible limits as prescribed by WHO standards and BIS standards. Result of most of the parameters shows that the water of Kaliasote dam is less polluted and is suitable for drinking purpose.

Department of Chemistry, P.M.B. Gujrati Science College Indore India

 Anaerobic micro-organisms can reduce sulphate to sulphide. Anoxic conditions are frequently found at the interface between water and sediment or around sulphate dissolved in pore-water of the sediment. Bacterial action produces hydrogen sulphide which is toxic to respiratory organisms.^1,2 Bass-Becking³ has described the bacterial community called sulfuretum which causes reduction of sulphate to sulphur. The reduction rate has been described to depend on concentration of bacteria, sulphate concentration and temperature.^4,5 In the present work the optimum conditions for the biogenic reduction of sulphate through the bacteria present in the distillery effluent has been investigated. A perusal of results obtained shows the reduction of sulphate as an ongoing process in the presence of distillery effluent and the dissolved sulphates was getting continuously reduced. The distillery effluent contained mainly carbohydrates and some proteins and its anoxic conditions were favorable to the bacterial reduction. The sulphate reduction in presence of distillery effluents was biogenic in nature. The data obtained showed that a low acidity or the presence of mild alkalinity was favorable for the sulphate reduction.

Department of Chemiical Sciences University Malaysia Terengganu Kaula TerengganuMalaysia

Email:-anisnadilla_ahmad@yahoo.com

Beackea Frutescens comes in the family of Mrytaceae and is well known aromatic and medicinal herb. In view of this it is more economical to grow and commercialize this product instead of importing other source of similar chemical properties such tea tree. In this study, six formulation of emulsion determined from phase diagram with mixed surfactant ratio 70:30 as it showed the largest liquid crystal region. This emulsion formulations consisting of different composition's percentage of mixed surfactant (SDS:Tween 20): benzyl alcohol: water, 2.5 g beeswax and 10 drops of Beackea Frutescens essential oil. The stability of an emulsion also depends on the combination of surfactant and the surfactant mixing ratio¹. Can this Beackea Frutescens emulsion and mixed surfactant system (SDS:Tween 20) with mixing ratio 70:30 produce stable emulsions form for all these six formulation?

K.V.S>R Siddhartha College of pharmaceutical sciences, Siddhartha Nagar Vijayawada India

Email:- rasoolpharma@yahoo.com

Two simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the estimation of Milnacipran in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Method A is based on oxidative coupling of the drug with 3-methyl 2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH lmax 640 nm). Method B is based on oxidation followed by complex formation when the drug reacts with ferric chloride and 2, 2'- bipyridine (lmax 530nm). The absorbance of the colored species is measured against the corresponding reagent blank. These methods have been statistically evaluated and found to be precise and accurate

Department of Chemiical Sciences University Malaysia Terengganu Kaula Terengganu Malaysia

Email:- siti_juniza@gmail.com

Psidium Guajaya comes is an important food crop and medicinal plant in tropical and subtropical countries is widely used like food and in folk medicine. In view of this it is more economical to grow and commercialize this product instead of importing other source of similar chemical properties such as tea tree. Based on this study found that the phase diagram with ratio of 60% of Tween 80 and 40% of Cetyltrimetylammonium bromide (CTAB) had produced the most highest of liquid crystal gel area. This gel is said to be very effective and suitable to make a cosmetic product because the structure that similar to skin cell and facilitate to seeped into skin.

Department of Chemistry, Narain P.G College Shikohabad UP India

*Department of Chemistry Janta P.G. College Bakewar Etawah Up India

 A water soluble polysaccharide from the seeds of the plant has been isolated and named `Galactomannan' because the main chain contains 1 — 4 linked D-mannopyranose units and 1 — 6 linked D-galactopyranose units in the side chain in the molar ratio of 3 : 1

Shri R.R.Lalan College Chemistry Department Bhuj Kutch Gujrat India

Email:-Parthivkantilal@gmal.com

 An novel series of the 4-(5-chloro-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-4,4a-dihydro-2-mercapto-7-phenylpyrido[2,3 -d]pyrimidin-5(8H)-one (VIIa-j) were synthesized by the condensation of 6-amino-4-(5-chloro-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-4,5 -dihydro-2-mercaptopyrimidine-5-carbonitrile with acetophenone derivatives. The constitution of the products has been delineated by elemental analyses IR, PMR and mass spectral data.

P.O.Department of Chemistry, NES Science College Nanded India

The references indicates that the metal ions like Zn⁺², Cu^+2 1 affects the biomass of yeast and yield of alcohol. There are no references regarding the application of metal chelates as activator in the fermentation process. This research paper deals with the synthesis and applications of some of 2-(Cinnamyl)-bromo-6-methyl benzothiazolyl hydrazones metal chelates as activator . Certain `d' block metal chelates of of 2-(Cinnamyl) -4-bromo-6-methyl benzothiazolyl hydrazones are used in fermentation study.

¹Professor's Colony, Dighi West, darbhanga- India

²Research Scholar Moh- Quilaghat, PO-Lalbagh, Darghanga India

³Research Scholar, Vill Raje, Manigachi, Darbhanga India

⁴Department of Chemistry, M.L.S.M College, Darbhanga- Bihar India

The preparation, properties, elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, electrical conductivity, electronic and IR spectral values of the ligand 2hydroxy3nitro acetophenyl semicarbazone and its complexes with Chromium(III), Iron(II), Iron(III), Nikel(II) and Copper(II) have been discussed. On the basis of these observations, probable structures for the ligand as well as its complexes has been determined.

¹Department of Chemical engineering, Dr B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar Punjab India

²Indian Oil Corporation Limited (R&D Centre), Faridabad Haryana India

Email:-gerapoonam@gmail.com

Biodiesel, a renewable energy source seems to be an ideal solution for global energy demands. The main advantages of biodiesel include its domestic origin, potential for reducing a given economy's dependency on imported petroleum, biodegradability, high flash point, and inherent lubricity. The current review is addressed to the application of various heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production. Heterogeneous catalysts are environmentally benign, non-corrosive, easily separated from the liquid products; give higher activity, selectivity and longer catalyst lifetime. However a high molar ratio of alcohol to oil, large amount of catalyst and high temperature and pressure are required while utilizing heterogeneous catalysts to produce biodiesel. Transesterification using CaO as solid catalyst and other basic alkaline earth metal compounds like Calcium methoxide and Barium hydroxide with different edible and non-edible oils has been studied. Different kinds of metal oxides containing Calcium, Barium, Magnesium, or Lanthanum have been used as catalysts. CaMnO₃, Ca₂Fe₂O_5, CaZrO₃, CaCeO₃ and CaTiO₃ whose catalytic basicities were the highest, showed higher yields of ester. The catalysts with low basicities BaTiO₃, BaZrO₃, BaCeO₃, MgTiO₃, MgZrO₃, MgCeO₃, LaZrO₃, and LaCeO₃ ester yields were 1% or less and little activity was observed. Alumina supported heterogeneous catalysts KNO3/Al₂O_3, KI/Al₂O_3, Na/NaOH/g-Al₂O₃ were used for the production of biodiesel from soybean oil. NaX zeolite loaded with 10% KOH followed by heating gave promising results as heterogeneous catalyst. A heterogeneous catalyzed process needs to be optimized, considering the effect of relevant process parameters like temperature, residence time, methanol to oil ratio etc. in order to improve biodiesel yield and properties.The diminishing petroleum reserves and growing environmental concerns have made renewable fuels an exceptionally attractive alternative as the fuel for the future.